The regional, national and global flow of migrates are increasing every second. Understanding the escalation of brain drain in nigeria. Among asian countries, india continues its trend of top the list of immigrant scientists and engineers to the us, says the latest report, adding that with 950000 indians out of asias total of 2. Understanding the braindrain in the african diaspora. Sage open scores of nigerians are even languishing in. It is the citizens participation in the wellbeing of the country that drives the country forw.
The medical brain drain, which exacerbates the shortage of mds, indirectly causes adverse effects on all health outcomes. The net benefits of human capital flight for the receiving country are sometimes referred to as a brain gain whereas the net costs for the sending country are sometimes referred to as a brain drain. Effect of brain drain on nigeria economy best drain. Brain drain of india some statistics sar publisher. When we look at the greatest resources of every nation, it is the human resource of the country. Ethiopia ranked first in the continent in terms of rate of loss of human capital, followed by nigeria and ghana.
The future of nigerias health system is precarious in view of the huge challenges this single problem of brain drain contributes to the nations health sector. Saki chief donates items to the aged and vulnerable. The next section situates brain drain within nigerias context. Longterm economic growth cannot be achieved without people with. Abstract brain drain is the cynosure of all the eyes due to high outflow of qualified and skilled workers from pakistan. In occupations that experience a surplus of graduates, immigration of.
The sustained trend in brain drain from the health system in nigeria has in particular contributed to acute shortages of specialized and. In section 3 we describe existing evidence on the impact of brain drain on source countries. This work studies brain drain, its causes and relationship with economic growth in nigeria. In nigeria, experts have reported that historically,brain drain, in the form of migration of health workers to highincome settings, has been a major setback in the country. Alongside positive feedback effects from remittances, circular migration, and the participation of highskilled migrants in business networks, innovation, and transfers of. This email address is being protected from spambots. Point of view, an examination of the causes of brain drain in nigerian universities conducted by aliyu 2005, effect of brain drain of librarians on service. Human capital flight refers to the emigration or immigration of individuals who have received advanced training at home. Overages, the country has been held hostage in shackles and coffin of corruption in nigeria and its adverse effect on the countrymen and women, it is no longer that new corruption has become a household menace that erupts from public office holders to the floor of common man in the room, how it happens, the forms it. Understanding the escalation of brain drain in nigeria from poor leadership point of view. The phenomenon refers to the departure of highly skilled individuals from organizations, industries, and. African brain drain and its impact on source countries. Now that you have seen the various causes of brain drain in nigeria, i will clearly explain the divergent effects of brain drain in nigeria, if nothing is done by the nigerian government to drastically reduce it increase. It was discovered through the study that leadership failure is a major cause of brain drain in the continent of africa and most especially in nigeria with negative effect on human capacity.
Evidence from the caribbean prepared by prachi mishra1 authorized for distribution by david o. Ipinyomi, university of ilorin, nigeria by brain drain we are referring to an international transfer of resources in the form of human capital that is not recorded in any official balance of payments statistics. Causes of brain drain push factors pull factors low and eroding wages and salaries. A study of factors influencing brain drain among medical. Reassessing the impacts of brain drain on developing countries. Brain drain causes countries, industries, and organizations to lose a core portion of valuable individuals. Over the past 1015 years, about 50% of ethiopians who went abroad for training did not return after. The medical brain drain, which exacerbates the shortage of mds, indirectly causes adverse effects on all health outcomes especially maternal and child health. In nigeria, several challenges have been reported within the health sector, especially in training, funding, employment, and deployment of the health workforce. There are many factors which cause brain drain from the less developing countries to the highly developed countries.
The analysis starts with a simple decomposition of the brain drain in two. Welfare impact of globalization in brain drain and economic growth economies full text migration gas industry suffers brain drain brain drain and the nigerian economy effects of brain drain on nigerian economy scientificthe effect of brain drain on economic developmenteffects of brain drain on nigerian economy scientificwhat is the effect of brain drain in nigeria. This perennial situation made the study to examine the factors influencing brain drain among the medical personnel in nigeria, using a selected university teaching hospital. Nigerias covid19 cases rise to 2,950, death toll at 98. Migration can have a range of social, cultural, political and economic effects. Analysis and assessment of the brain drain phenomenon. As africas most populous country, nigeria, with an estimated population of 150 million and over 250 ethnic groups, deals with a range of migration issues, from massive internal and regional migration to brain drain and a large, welleducated diaspora in the west mainly the united states and the united kingdom that it sees as key to future development. The brain drain from developing countries a brain drain can also have benefits for home countries.
The viewscontents expressed in this article are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not neccessarily reflect those of modern ghana. Current statistics show that 1 in 4 doctors, and 1 in 20 nurses, trained in africa. Pdf leadership, brain drain and human capacity building. Pdf the effect of brain drain on the economic development of. Brain drain is the emigration of highly trained or intelligent people from a particular country. The brain drain from iran to the united states akbar e.
Understanding the escalation of brain drain in nigeria from poor. Causes of brain drain the major causes of brain drain can be looked into as pull and push factors. You waste your time, resources and efforts schooling such as going through the rigors of let say medical school, only for someone to refuse paying you salary, frustrate your effort, lack o. When nigeria won the africa cup of nations, she tried to sing along to the nigerian national anthem, quickly realizing that she didnt know the words, but resolving to work harder to honor her african roots. Pdf understanding the escalation of brain drain in nigeria from. The aim of this paper is to highlight causes and solutions to intellectual brain drain in pakistan. Nearly all participants, 94% 17 out of 18, confirmed that a shortage of nigerian medical doctors living and working throughout nigeria exists acknowledging a medical brain drain impacting nigerias hcs. If brain drain is not always bad, then limiting the movement of highly skilled people may not be necessary. It is the major indicator of the future of the country. Causes of increased brain drain in developing countries. Brain drain is also simply described as human capital flight.
Modern ghana will not be responsible or liable for any inaccurate or incorrect statements contained in this article. Brain drain is defined as the migration of skilled human resources in search of the better standard of living and quality of life, attractive salaries, worldclass education, opportunities for career advancement, access to advanced technology and more stable political conditions in different places worldwide sunita dodani and ronald e laporte, 2005. Escalation of brain drain in nigeria from poor leadership point of view, aliyu 2005 titled an examination of the causes of brain drain in nigerian universities, okolo et al 2014 titledeffect of brain drain of librarians on service delivery in some selected nigerian. One conspicuous example is its inability to meet up with the healthrelated aspects of the millennium development goals mdgs scheduled to lapse this year. The main causes of the brain drain can be generally understood when looking at the pushpull theory.
The causes of brain drain in nigeria studies indicate that the nigerian braindrain is the product of internal and external factors working simultaneously to push nigerians out of their country and pull them into developed nations. The health system in nigeria does not adequately serve the population. Some main types of brain drain are brain gain, brain circulation, brain waste etc. Causes and solutions to intellectual brain drain in pakistan nadia sajjad. To put an end to brain drain in the health sector, the nigerian government has been advised to provide more funds, emoluments and incentives for medical practitioners.
In respect of effects of brain drain on the nations economy, eleven factors were identified. Effect of brain drain to africa this twentyfirst century. The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. Understanding brain drain in nigerian universities lund university. Also from the study, twelve causes of brain drain were indentified. Nigerian doctors proffer solutions to brain drain in. Notwithstanding the legitimacy or otherwise of the causes of brain drain the fact is, brain drain is causing incalculable damage to nigeria and other developing nations. The push factors are those aspects, which force people to think about leaving his normal place of abode or move from their native country to neighbouring countries or for more distant places like united kingdom or usa. One of the major causes of brain drain is the growing frustration among the youth and the nonavailability of opportunities in the existing social setup.
Torbat in this article, the underlying forces and the extent of brain drain from iran to the united states are studied. Today, i present some of the key statistics that draw attention and bring alarm bells to india. Indeed, except for extreme cases, measures that restrict mobility are not the most effective responses to. Possible solutions to challenges in nigeria today soapboxie. Brain drain can be described as the process in which a country loses its most educated and talented workers to other countries through migration. Effect of brain drain human capital flight sage journals. The pull factors can be described as the favourable conditions in the receiving countries which attract many migrants from africa, and make them decide to migrate in the first place. Corruption in nigeria causes, types, effects, and solutions. The brain drain is measured by the migration rates of iranian nationals to the us with tertiary education, including physicians and professors. The main causes include seeking employment andor higher paying jobs, political instability, and to seek a better.
Robinson january 2006 abstract this working paper should not be reported as representing the views of the imf. The views expressed in this working paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent. Introduction the purpose of this paper is to provide the reader with an indepth analysis of the brain drain phenomenon and its implications for caribbean countries. This economic situation deeply affected the medical groups that migration became the chorus of the medical personnel.
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