Fractal antennas sierpinski gasket and carpet, koch dipole and snowflake and, minkowskis island fractal antennas use self similar designs to maximize the length, or increase the perimeter of material that can receive or transmit electromagnetic radiation within a given total surface area or volume. This proposed mtm superstrate, placed at optimum height of 15 mm from the. An air layer is designed in the antennas high resistance silicon substrate by mems technology and microstrip patch antenna with second degree iteration minkowski fractal boundary is simulated. The top and bottom views of proposed minkowski hilbert antenna mha are as shown in fig. A new compact dual band gps patch antenna design based. Matrix form is used to depict this geometry in fractal antenna. A fractal antenna uses a selfsimilar design to maximize the length or increase the perimeter of a material that transmits or receives electromagnetic radiation within a given volume or area. Dual band david fractal microstrip patch antenna for gsm and. The designed antenna array operates at ve di erent frequencies and ex. The starting geometry of the minkowski fractal antenna is the initiator square patch, and the successive iterations of fractal antenna is obtained by replacing each of the four straight sides of the starting structure with the generator with indentation as shown in the figure 3. Minkowski fractal antenna design with dmssrr and dgssrr. The purpose of this project is to design microstrip patch antenna and execute the first iteration minkowski fractal array diversity antenna in order to achieve an antenna with multiband frequency of. Individual hilbert curve based antenna is shown in fig.
Antenna configurations to be created, such as in figure 2, is the monopole antenna square patch with fractal geometry of minkowski on a modified at second iteration and on its groundplane. Key words square patch, fractal antenna, return loss, directivity, gain, voltage standing wave ratio i. Design and analysis of fractal antennas for wideband applications. One of the most relevant trends for wireless devices is miniaturization. A modified minkowski fractal geometry for multiband operation is presented in 11. Design is based on narrow slit modified minkowski island fractal geometry. This antenna can be used for c band, s band and x band. Design and realization of minkowski fractal antenna dual band. Multiband fractal microstrip patch antenna for wireless. One foreseen associated problem with the antenna design for airplanes is that a single antenna supports multiple frequencies and consumes less space hence a fractal patch antenna is designed in this thesis work that has desired multiband resonance and compact profile. Multiband patch antenna structure based on minkowski prefractal geometry, journal of engineering and applied sciences, jeas, vol. In this proposed work, a novel square minkowski fractal shaped metamaterial mtm array is designed as a superstrate of rectangular patch antenna with defected ground structure. In the hybrid fractal design, the frequencies can be shifted according to the length of edges of the patch. The pattern cut is orthogonal to the plane of the loop fig.
The first fractal antennas were, in fact, fractal arrays, with fractal. Design of metamaterialloaded rectangular patch antenna. In this article, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent developments in the field of fractal antenna engineering, with particular emphasis placed on the. Fractal antennas for wireless communication systems. This structure has been analyzed and compared with the traditional reectarray element square element patch. Study the characteristics of an antenna fractal for instance, the return loss, vswr, input impedance and radiation pattern prove that fractal shaped antennas have multiband behaviour design a cohenminkowski monopole with ansoft hfss see chapter4 and ads see chapter5 antenna implementation comparison between simulation and developed antennas. Jaafar 3 1college of science, babylon university hilla, iraq, email. Fractal geometries are appealing in all applications where miniaturization capabilities are required, ranging from antennas to frequency selective surfaces fss design. Both the 1st and the 2ndorder minkowski fractal patch slots are considered. Minkowski and hilbert curves based hybrid fractal antenna for.
A comparison of minkowski, compact multiband and microstrip. The purpose of this project is to design microstrip patch antenna and execute the first iteration minkowski fractal array diversity antenna in order to achieve an antenna with multiband frequency of 1. Figure 2 construction of the minkowski like fractal structure 17 a. Inkjet printing of wideband stacked microstrip patch array. The cst simulated results show that when minkowski fractal microstrip antenna is designed, the antenna operates with two frequency bands for return loss of19. The fractalisland object creates a minkowski s loop fractal antenna. In the modern era, metamaterials are gaining enormous interest of researchers due to their peculiar electromagnetic properties. The conventional microstrip patch antenna has single band in which its return loss is25. Design of a small modified minkowski fractal antenna for passive. It is found that this antenna array has lower sidelobe level sll characteristic which is down to.
The dielectric material used is roggers tmm4 lossy, with a dielectric constant of. These fractal antennas are used in mobile phone and wifi communications. The first fractal antennas were, in fact, fractal arrays, with fractal arrangements of antenna elements, and not recognized initially as having selfsimilarity as their attribute. In the present paper a detailed study of a new compacted hexagon microstrip patch antenna using fractal ground plane and shorting pin is presented. Jul 24, 2018 in the modern era, metamaterials are gaining enormous interest of researchers due to their peculiar electromagnetic properties. It can be seen that the 10 db bandwidth for the measured return loss is 62 mhz. Fractal patch antenna for aerospacenavigation authorstream. Minkowski fractal antenna fractal antenna minkowski is one type of antenna a basic square shape square patch where there are parts that are removed are symmetrical and make use of the properties and characteristics of fractal geometry, namely self similiarity, repetition and scaling. Circular polarization along with size reduction is achieved by inserting four. A miniaturization of loop antenna using the fractal technique is known as minkowski square loop antenna. The fractalisland object creates a minkowskis loop fractal antenna. This approach benefits from the fixed size of the radiator that allows us to better exploit the miniaturization ability of fractal patches.
I hereby declared that i have read this report and from. In fractal geometry, the minkowskibouligand dimension, also known as minkowski dimension or boxcounting dimension, is a way of determining the fractal dimension of a set s in a euclidean space r n, or more generally in a metric space x, d. As the fractal iteration increases, perimeter of patch increases and effective area of antenna decreases. As one of the key technology of rfid, the antenna design decides the rfid system performance. In this proposed work, a novel square minkowski fractalshaped metamaterial mtm array is designed as a superstrate of rectangular patch antenna with defected ground structure. Kochlike curve and sierpinski gasket are synchronized in a way, comprising so called sierpinskized. Jalal a miniaturized multiband minkowskilike prefractal patch antenna for gps and 3g imt2000 handsets, asian journal of information. Figure5 shows the 3d view of radiation pattern in theta component of conventional microstrip patch antenna.
These two fractal geometries were combined to form a hybrid fractal antenna. Feb 11, 2015 hfsss microstrip patch antenna design part1basics of antenna design using hfss software duration. It has been shown that the selfsimilarity properties of the fractal shapes can be successfully applied to. Fractal antenna elements the fractal concept can be used to reduce antenna size, such as the koch dipole, koch monopole, koch loop, and minkowski loop. Iteration 2 makes for 18 total triangles that make up the antenna. One foreseen associated problem with the antenna design for airplanes is that a single antenna supports multiple frequencies and consumes less space hence a fractal patch antenna is designed in this thesis work that has desired multiband. Pdf minkowski fractal microstrip antenna for rfid tags. A fractal antenna is an antenna that uses a fractal, selfsimilar design to maximize the effective.
Minkowski fractal can be generated using an ifs as follows. Microstrip reectarray antenna mra with minkowski shape radiating element at frequency of 11ghz. Minkowski fractal patch antenna is shown in figure 3. Many objects, including antennas, can be designed using the recursive nature of a fractal. The design process starts by a simple hexagon patch antenna fed by a microstrip line and simulated in the frequency range of 3. Or, it can be used to achieve multiple bandwidth and increase bandwidth of each single band due to the selfsimilarity in the geometry, such as the sierpinski dipole, cantor slot patch, and. It is named after the german mathematician hermann minkowski and the french mathematician georges. Introduction square patch fractal antenna is a good example of the properties of fractal boundary patch antennas. Design and analysis of hexagon microstrip patch sierpinski. Iteration 1 of the evolution from bowtie to fractal antenna. Recently, some fractal patches configurations, giving low losses, reduced size, and quite good phase ranges, have been proposed for the design of reflectarray unit cells.
Design and realization of minkowski fractal antenna dual. Hfsss microstrip patch antenna design part1basics of antenna design using hfss software duration. Hilbert curve is used as complementary split ring resonator to investigate the effect of the fractal. An overview of the literature on the use of fractals in antenna engineering is given next. It used minkowski fractal structure as the radiation patch and the high performance ceramic material to reduce the antenna size, then improve it with rectangular joint structure. Iteration 2 of the evolution from bowtie to fractal antenna. By applying the same procedure on m1, the minkowski island fractal of second iteration m2 is obtained. One proposed method of increasing bandwidth or shrinking antenna size is via. Antenna designers are always looking to come up with new ideas to push the envelope for antennas, using a smaller volume while striving for every higher bandwidth and antenna gain.
Return loss curve of minkowski fractal antenna 5 compact multiband fractal antenna works on 2. In this paper, an octagonal monopole fractal antenna for ultra wideband uwb applications is presented. Dual band minkowski fractal antenna for maritime radio. Generally by using the minkowski method one can perform th iteration by dividing a straight segment into five subsegments with the following constraint. It is observed that the selfsimilar structure of minkowski like fractal geometry laterally with the basic octagonal patch shape having modified ground structure provides the uwb operating bandwidth because of the multiple resonances. Various other fractal geometries that have been explored in the previous works by researchers include the koch snowflake fractal monopole antenna, a rhombic patch monopole antenn awith modified minkowski fractal geometry, a novel broadband fractal sierpinski shaped microstrip antenna, a wideband sierpinski shaped slot antenna and the. A mems broadband microstrip patch antenna based on minkowski fractal boundary is designed. Fractal structures such as koch, hilbert, peano, minkowski, and sierpinski 4, 5, 8 have been applied to aerials and arrays, which demonstrated both. It is found that this antenna array has lower sidelobe level sll characteristic which is.
Then, three units of dmssrr had been added to the front side of the minkowski fractal antenna. Design of a mems broadband microstrip patch antenna based. Fractal geometries are different from euclidean geometries which have two common properties. Computeraided design cad of microstrip antennas and arrays using fractal. We then repeat that same process on each triangle this is the iteration method that will give rise to the fractal. Figure 2b shows the results of applying the minkowski fractal operator to each side of the square patch antenna in two iterations. The minkowski island fractal of one iteration m1 is formed by displacing the middle third of each side by some fraction of. Koch boundary on the square patch microstrip antenna for ultra. Jul 10, 2018 to achieve the desired miniaturization and good impedance match, a minkowski fractal geometry patch is employed as the second layer inkjetprinted on top of the su8 polymer. Design of a small modified minkowski fractal antenna for. Bandwidth enhancement of modified square fractal microstrip. The fractal geometry used here is sierpinski carpets method.
The concept of fractal antenna theory is a relatively. Jaafer 3 1college of science, babylon university, hilla, iraq email. On the performance properties of the minkowski island. Fractal geometry and its application to antenna designs ijeat. Fractal antennas sierpinski gasket and carpet, koch dipole and snowflake and, minkowski s island fractal antennas use self similar designs to maximize the length, or increase the perimeter of material that can receive or transmit electromagnetic radiation within a given total surface area or volume. A fractal dualpolarized microstrip antenna is presented as the element of a retrodirective array.
It has been shown that the selfsimilarity properties of the fractal shapes can be successfully applied to the design of multiband fractal microstrip patch antennas. Performance characteristics of the minkowski curve fractal. Dual band david fractal microstrip patch antenna for gsm. This article proposes a novel design based on fractal geometries to miniaturize the antenna. It should be pointed out that the area of m1 is 37. To achieve the desired miniaturization and good impedance match, a minkowski fractal geometry patch is employed as the second layer inkjetprinted on top of the su8 polymer. A new compact dual band gps patch antenna design based on. Design and analysis of fractal antennas for wideband. A fractal is a recursively generated object having a fractional dimension. The superior hpbw performance of the minkowski fractal antenna over the hwd antenna is another benefit of the design. The proposed geometry is inspired from a combination of two fractal geometries, giuseppe peano and minkowski fractal geometry. In 20 fractal antenna array has been designed for mrns. To make the antenna efficient in dual frequency bands, we apply the minkowski fractal miniaturization technique to the square patch to increase the length of the. A compact, square shaped microstrip fractal antenna with asymmetrical pairs of tslits for circularly polarized cp radiation and radio frequency identification rfid reader applications is proposed and experimentally investigated.
Then different p on the influence on the broadband performance of the antenna is discussed. Comparison between simulated gain of conventional microstrip patch and minkowski fractal antennas. Minkowski and hilbert curves based hybrid fractal antenna. While the minkowski fractal antenna has gain for dual bands, for example 7. Design of metamaterialloaded rectangular patch antenna for. Design of a mems broadband microstrip patch antenna based on. Figure 5 shows the 3d view of radiation pattern in theta component of conventional microstrip patch antenna. Fractal antenna arrays and fractal shaped antenna elements have evolved in 1990s. A new minkowski fractal for wideband applications 9.
Jun 02, 2017 in the present paper a detailed study of a new compacted hexagon microstrip patch antenna using fractal ground plane and shorting pin is presented. On the performance properties of the minkowski island fractal. Fractal and polar microstrip antennas and arrays for wireless. Fractal antennas part1 see other formats nathan chip cohen, n1ir 2 ledgewood place belmont, massachusetts 02178 fractal antennas part 1 introduction and the fractal quad rt1he objective of an antenna is to efficiently radiate or receive a signal, presumably a with significant directivity and gain.
After that, a pair of dgssrr had been added to the ground plane of the antenna. Microstrip patch antenna with fractal shaped structure is a decent answer to the. Miniaturization of microstrip patch antenna for satellite. Sierpinski carpet, sierpinski gasket, minkowski curve and the koch. The first work is started by designing a normal minkowski patch antenna. Since the radiation pattern of the minkowski fractal antenna is uniform and identical to that of a traditional hwd antenna, it can be used in nearly any type of wireless communications receiver. Microstrip hexagonal fractal antenna for military applications in. Sierpinski carpet, koch curves, minkowski geometry, hilbert etc. This paper designed a ceramic minkowski fractal antenna used in rfid system. Random arrays were first investigated in 19, and random fractals generated by. Design and analysis of square patch fractal antenna for c. Ultra wideband octagonal fractal antenna using minkowski.
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